Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease due to contact with different substances and caused by two mechanisms: allergy and irritation. Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the most common occupational dermatosis. Differentiating between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is essential in the identification of etiologic factor(s) and hence, its control and prognosis. This differentiation can be done only by patch test. Unfortunately, this simple, safe and useful test is always neglected. We review the basics of patch test, the method of performance, reading and interpretation of its results, possible side effects and results of studies done with patch test in different countries.

The significance of vibration omission in the engineering structures has led the striking vastness for the applied designing science. The role of vibration omission in materials with emphases on energy-saving and cost reduction is such a topic that has been analyzed and discussed as a challenge in the mechanical engineering. Here, a steel structure with a certain number of piezoelectric pieces with specific dimensions is considered. The aim is to omit vibrations or reduce the vibration range at the minimum time. In this paper, the placement of piezoelectric is carried out in order better to accelerate the suppression of vibration amplitude using the MOPSO, an optimization algorithm. Piezoelectric elements are installed as sensors and actuators on the top and bottom of structures. An early rise is applied to the structure and thus it begins vibration and the amplitude of these vibrations is suppressed by the piezo actuators. Piezoelectric sensors sense the structure’ s vibration motion and control operations are done based on it, and finally to suppress, a control signal is sent to the actuators. The result of this motion is the structural vibration suppression. In this thesis, the studied structure is Timoshenko beam. This beam is considered as a key and basic structure having the vast application in Robotics Science, Engineering, Aerospace Industry and etc. Timoshenko beam is accounted a more accurate model than Euler – Bernoulli beam because it considers the shear effect during deformation. Here, the beam describes its dynamism and constructs the related functions by a numerical method in which each node includes one beam element with 2 degree of freedom(Transitional displacement – Rotational displacement) that is placed under the influence of an external load such as transverse force and bending torque for analyzing the transverse vibration of beam. This external load is a temporal function in the forms of pulse, impulse, step, sine alternatives. Here, PID controller has been used in order to control the structure. In this controller there are three unknown coefficients in Kp, Ki and Kd matrices using multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for or MOPSO, and the unknown coefficients are determined as result of searching this algorithm during the beam in order to determine an optimal point or points of beam to place sensor and piezoelectric actuator in the top and down for the structural suppression at the least possible time.

Background: Various environmental factors can induce or exaggerate hand eczema. Objective: Evaluation of patch test results in hand eczema patients. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study 100 patients with hand eczema referred to Loghman Hakim & Booali Hospital in Tehran underwent patch testing with 23 allergens obtained from Hennal Company. Results: 240 positive reactions observed in 86 patients. The most common positive reactions were related to nickel sulfate (30 patients, 13.5%) and potassium dichromate (28 patients, 11.7%). In positive group 28 patients were male and 58 were female. In negative group 3 patients were male and 11 were female (P>0.05). The mean age was 31.7±11.9 years and 24.8± 9.2 years for positive group and negative group, respectively (P<0.05). In positive patch test group 49 patients had subacute and 37 patients had chronic eczema. In negative patch test 11 patients had subacute eczema and 3 patients had chronic eczema (P>0.05). Conclusion: Performing patch test, the allergens involved in hand eczema can be detected. Detecting type of allergens, patients will be able to avoid those materials which can lead to improvement of disease.        

We present a modified examplar-based inpainting method in the framework of patch sparsity. In the examplar-based algorithms, the unknown blocks of target region are inpainted by the most similar blocks extracted from the source region, using the available information. Defining a priority term to decide the filling order of missing pixels ensures the connectivity of the object boundaries. In the exemplar-based patch sparsity approach, a sparse representation of missing pixels is considered to define a new priority term and the unknown pixels of the fill-front patch is inpainted by a sparse combination of the most similar patches. Here, we modify this representation of the priority term and take a measure to compute the similarities between fill-front and candidate patches. Also, a new definition is proposed for updating the confidence term to illustrate the amount of the reliable information surrounding pixels. Comparative reconstructed test images show the effectiveness of our proposed approach in providing high quality inpainted images.

Introduction: Decreasing pain elicited by injections in children results in patient comfort during dental procedures and produces a positive experience towards dental procedures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Dentipatch and 20% benzocaine gel in decreasing injection pain in children referring to Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry.Materials and Methods: Simple sampling method was used in the present clinical trial to select fifty-four 9-12 year-old children (24 males and 30 females). The injection site was dried with air spray for 5 seconds; then Dentipatch was placed by a dentist on the palate for 12 minutes at a distance of 5-10 mm from the gingival margin. A total of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine was injected; 10 minutes after the injection the same procedure was repeated on the contra-lateral side with the use of benzocaine gel. Data was collected and analyzed with pained t-test and Wilcoxon test using CPS and VAS scales (a=0.05).Results: Means of CPS in non-anxious children in the benzocaine and Dentipatch groups were 6.4 and 5.8, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p value=0.081). Means of VAS in non-anxious children in the benzocaine and Dentipatch groups were 39.2 and 32.5, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p value=0.068).Conclusion: Under the limits of the present study, it was concluded that there is no difference between the two methods regarding children’s reaction. Further evaluations are recommended with different application times, especially with the new Dentipatech method.

Introduction: Contact eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease; different materials with irritant and allergic mechanisms can produce this disease. Although history and physical examination are important in diagnosis of allergen, because of extent of several factors, environmental allergens, were not simply recognized. Patch test is an important diagnostic tool to confirm allergic contact dermatitis and can reduce mistake of clinical diagnoses.Objective: Determine frequency of dermatic allergens in patients with contact or atopic dermatitis who were referred to Razi hospital in Rasht.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study during 22 months, 100 patients with clinical diagnoses of contact and atopic dermatitis who referred to Razi hospital patch tested with European standard series containing 24 allergens. Their reactions were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of patch test. Data was collected and were analyzed by SPSS. (P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Among 100 patients, positive patch test was seen in 36% which mean age of them was (30.67) years (SD=10.85 The most common involved location was hand (86%) and most common allergens were Nickel sulfate (20%) and potassium dichromate (9%). In this study 6 (25%) of all allergens showed positive reaction.Conclusion: Nickel Sulfate and Potassium Dichromate were the most common contact allergens in our study.

Many roads in forest areas are located along the steep hills. The cut and fill method is currently used for construction of these roads. Settlement or consolidation in not enough compacted soil or creep in down slope, can lead to subsidence and cracks in roads. General methods for solving settlement related problems such as reconstruction, retaining structure and … are expensive. Deep patch method is a low- cost method for increasing the stability of slopes. In this method, the upper parts of the subsided area are excavated and replaced with reinforcement materials such as Geo grid in accordance with compacted soil. In this paper, limit equilibrium method has been implemented for determining the safety factor of a planar slip surface in a slope. Furthermore, graphs for determining safety factor of reinforced soil slope with Geo synthetics have been proposed.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Background & objectives: File fracture is one of the main concerns in root canal therapy, which can affect endodontic treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the fracture rate of the Smart Tract X3 as a new file system, in comparison with the commonly used rotary file system, during the preparation of simulated severely curved root canals. Methods: A total of  180 resin blocks with simulated severely curved canals were randomly assigned to three equal groups (n=60) including Smart Tract X3, ProTaper Universal and Neoniti. Each set of files was used for cleaning and shaping of five canals, in total, 12 sets of files were used to prepare 60 channels in each group. All files were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The number (%) of fractures, location, length and distance of fractured segments from the apex of the block were recorded. Results: Overall 60 files of Smart tractX3 and ProTaper universal (5 files in a set) and 36 files of the Neoniti (3 files in a set) were used. The fracture rate did not show a statistically significant difference in between-groups comparison. All fractures occurred at the apical third of the canal with the mean length of fractured segments and the distance of fractured segments from the apex of the block 2. 228±0. 216 mm and 0. 845±0. 186 mm, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant statistical difference among Smart Tract X3, ProTaper Universal, and Neoniti files regarding the incidence of fracture during the preparation of five severely curved canals.